Methods and arrangements for securing fabric

ABSTRACT

An arrangement for securing fabric relative to a framework comprising a framework, a groove in the framework, and a locking spline for being received into the groove in the framework whereby a fabric panel can be retained relative to the framework by an insertion of the locking spline into the groove with a portion of the fabric panel disposed between the locking spline and the groove. The framework can have an obverse side, a peripheral edge, and a reverse side and the groove can be disposed to the reverse side of the framework whereby the fabric panel can be applied to the framework with a portion of the fabric panel retained within the groove and with the fabric panel reversing over the peripheral edge of the framework and traversing at least a portion of the framework. A secondary groove can enable a retention of a secondary material.

PRIORITY INFORMATION

Continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 11/835,366, filed Aug. 7,2007, which was a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/868,370, filedJun. 14, 2004, which claimed priority to Provisional Application No.60/478,181, filed Jun. 11, 2003

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to fabric application systemsand methods. More particularly, disclosed and protected herein arecertain methods and arrangements for securing fabric in place, such asrelative to a frame or the like.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In traditional upholstered furniture construction, a layer of fabric,commonly referred to as any “A” layer, is retained relative to a framestructure overlying one or more subsurface layers, commonly referred toas “B”, “C”, and possibly further layers. The subsurface layers, whichcan comprise additional fabric layers, foam layers, springs, bands, andthe like, generally provide continuous support to the “A” layer. Assuch, the “A” layer itself need only be attached to the frame structure;it need not provide substantial support. With this, attachment methodsfor “A” layers in such structures commonly involve simple stapling,adhering, or the like.

More recently, furniture constructions have been developed wherein oneor more panels of fabric span a framework with no central support.Commonly, the fabric comprises an elastomeric material, such as anelastomeric mesh material. Since the fabric panel acts as the sole meansof support to furniture occupants and the like, the peripheral edges ofthe fabric panel must be attached particularly securely.

Attempting that that secure attachment presents unique challenges to thefurniture maker. This is particularly the case relative to elastomericmaterials and especially so relative to elastomeric mesh materials. Forexample, for optimal appearance and performance, elastomeric materialsnormally must be pretensioned and secured in place while maintainingthat pretensioning.

Additionally, since elastomeric material, particularly elastomeric mesh,is formed by numerous individual elastomeric filaments, continuoussupport must be provided over substantially the entire periphery of thefabric panel to ensure that each elastomeric filament is fixedlyretained. Even further still, it can be desirable to provide differentsupport characteristics relative to different areas of the panel ofelastomeric material, which may demand a variable pattern ofpretensioning, thereby further complicating the attachment process.

Prior art methods and structures have struggled in seeking to confrontthe aforementioned and further challenges of retaining a fabric panel.Certain structures have proven to be undesirably complex and expensivein structure and manufacture. Other methods and structures have failedto provide adequate retention of the fabric panel. Still further,particularly since the fabric panel acts as the sole means of support tofurniture occupants and the like, it has been found that many prior artattachment arrangements have left the fabric panel and the edges thereofdisadvantageously vulnerable to dislodging, damage, and tampering.

These and further disadvantages have frustrated the ability ofelastomeric material structures from achieving widespread availabilityand commercial success. As a result, it is clear that there remains adiscernable need for methods and arrangements for retaining fabricrelative to a framework in a secure manner that meets the needs andovercomes the disadvantages that have been left by the prior art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Advantageously, the present invention is founded on a basic object ofovercoming the disadvantages suffered by the prior art while providing anumber of previously unrealized advantages thereover.

A more particular object of embodiments of the invention is to providean arrangement for retaining fabric relative to a framework in a securemanner.

A related object of embodiments of the invention is to provide anarrangement for retaining fabric relative to a framework that providessubstantially continuous support over at least a portion of a peripheryof a fabric panel to provide a reliable retention of individual fibersforming the fabric panel.

Another object of particular embodiments of the invention is to providea method and arrangement for retaining fabric relative to a frameworkthat permits and maintains a selective pretensioning of the fabric,including with a variable pretensioning pattern.

Still another object of certain embodiments of the invention is toprovide a method and arrangement for retaining a panel of fabricrelative to a framework that resists damage to the panel of fabric.

An even further object of embodiments of the invention is to provide amethod and arrangement for retaining a fabric panel relative to aframework that inhibits tampering with the attachment of the fabricpanel.

A more particular object of embodiments of the invention is to provide amethod and arrangement for retaining a fabric panel relative to aframework that provides evidence of tampering.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide a method andarrangement for retaining a fabric panel relative to a framework that isefficient in construction and manufacture such that a resultingstructure can be made and sold in a cost effective manner.

These and in all likelihood further objects and advantages of thepresent invention will become obvious not only to one who reviews thepresent specification and drawings but also to those who experience anembodiment of the methods and arrangements for securing fabric disclosedherein. However, it will be appreciated that, although theaccomplishment of each of the foregoing objects in a single embodimentof the invention may be possible and indeed preferred, not allembodiments will seek or need to accomplish each and every potentialadvantage and function. Nonetheless, all such embodiments should beconsidered within the scope of the present invention.

One will appreciate that the present discussion broadly outlines themore important goals of the invention to enable a better understandingof the detailed description that follows and to instill a betterappreciation of the inventor's contribution to the art. Before anyparticular embodiment or aspect thereof is explained in detail, it mustbe made clear that the following details of construction, descriptionsof hardware and software designs, and illustrations of inventiveconcepts are mere examples of the many possible manifestations of theinvention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the accompanying drawing figures:

FIG. 1A is a sectioned view in side elevation of a frame structureaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 1B comprises sectioned, portioned top and bottom plan views of theframe structure of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 1C is a sectioned view in front elevation of the frame structure ofFIG. 1A;

FIG. 1D is a partially sectioned view in front elevation of the framestructure of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 2A is a sectioned view in side elevation of an alternative framestructure according to the present invention;

FIG. 2B comprises sectioned, portioned top and bottom plan views of theframe structure of FIG. 2A;

FIG. 2C is a sectioned view in front elevation of the frame structure ofFIG. 2A;

FIG. 2D is a partially sectioned view in front elevation of the framestructure of FIG. 2A;

FIG. 3A is a sectioned view in side elevation of another alternativeframe structure according to the present invention;

FIG. 3B comprises sectioned, portioned top and bottom plan views of theframe structure of FIG. 3A;

FIG. 3C is a sectioned view in front elevation of the frame structure ofFIG. 3A;

FIG. 3D is a partially sectioned view in front elevation of the framestructure of FIG. 3A;

FIG. 4A is a sectioned view in side elevation of still anotheralternative frame structure according to the present invention;

FIG. 4B comprises sectioned, portioned top and bottom plan views of theframe structure of FIG. 4A;

FIG. 4C is a sectioned view in front elevation of the frame structure ofFIG. 4A;

FIG. 4D is a partially sectioned view in front elevation of the framestructure of FIG. 4A;

FIG. 5A is a sectioned view in side elevation of a further framestructure;

FIG. 5B comprises sectioned, portioned top and bottom plan views of theframe structure of FIG. 5A;

FIG. 5C is a sectioned view in front elevation of the frame structure ofFIG. 5A in a given stage of production;

FIG. 5D is a sectioned view in front elevation of the frame structure ofFIG. 5A in a later stage of production;

FIG. 5E is a partially sectioned view in front elevation of the framestructure of FIG. 5A;

FIG. 6A is a sectioned view in side elevation of another frame structurepursuant to the present invention;

FIG. 6B comprises sectioned, portioned top and bottom plan views of theframe structure of FIG. 6A;

FIG. 6C is a sectioned view in front elevation of the frame structure ofFIG. 6A;

FIG. 7A is a sectioned view in side elevation of a further framestructure according to the present invention;

FIG. 7B comprises sectioned, portioned top and bottom plan views of theframe structure of FIG. 7A;

FIG. 7C is a sectioned view in front elevation of the frame structure ofFIG. 7A;

FIG. 8A comprises sectioned, portioned top and bottom plan views of aneven further frame structure;

FIG. 8B comprises sectioned, portioned top and bottom plan views ofanother frame structure according to the present invention;

FIG. 9A is a sectioned view in side elevation of a further framestructure;

FIG. 9B comprises sectioned, portioned top and bottom plan views of theframe structure of FIG. 9A;

FIG. 10A is a sectioned view in side elevation of still another framestructure as disclosed herein;

FIG. 10B comprises sectioned, portioned top and bottom plan views of theframe structure of FIG. 10A;

FIG. 10C is a sectioned view in front elevation of the frame structureof FIG. 10A;

FIG. 11A is a sectioned view in side elevation of a further framestructure pursuant to the instant invention;

FIG. 11B comprises sectioned, portioned top and bottom plan views of theframe structure of FIG. 11A;

FIG. 11C is a sectioned view in front elevation of the frame structureof FIG. 11A;

FIG. 12A is a sectioned view in front elevation of a portion of anotherframe structure as disclosed herein in a given stage of manufacture;

FIGS. 12B, 12C, and 12D are views in side elevation of locking splinespursuant to the present invention;

FIG. 12E is a sectioned view in front elevation of the portion of framestructure of FIG. 12A in a later stage of manufacture;

FIG. 12F is a view in front elevation of a locking spline under thepresent invention;

FIG. 13A is a sectioned view in front elevation of an even further framestructure pursuant to the invention disclosed herein in a given stage ofmanufacture;

FIG. 13B is a sectioned view in front elevation of the frame structureof FIG. 13A in a later stage of manufacture;

FIG. 14A is a sectioned view in front elevation of an additional framestructure under the present invention in a given stage of manufacture;

FIG. 14B is a sectioned view in front elevation of the frame structureof FIG. 14A in a later stage of manufacture;

FIG. 14C depicts views in side elevation of alternative locking splinespursuant to the present invention;

FIG. 15A is a sectioned view in front elevation of another framestructure according to the present invention in a given stage ofmanufacture;

FIG. 15B is a sectioned view in front elevation of the frame structureof FIG. 15A in a later stage of manufacture;

FIG. 15C depicts views in side elevation of further locking splinespursuant to the present invention;

FIGS. 16A, 16B, and 16C comprise sectioned views in front elevation offrame structures according to the present invention in first, second,and third stages of manufacture;

FIG. 17 is a sectioned view in front elevation of an even further framestructure according to the present invention;

FIG. 18 is a sectioned view in front elevation of another framestructure pursuant to the present invention;

FIG. 19 is a schematic view of a seat bottom frame structure withvariable tension and deflection zones;

FIG. 20 is a cross sectional view of a portion of a frame structureaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 21 is a cross sectional view of a frame structure according to thepresent invention depicted a force dissipation;

FIG. 22 is a cross sectional view of a prior art frame structure;

FIG. 23 is a cross sectional view of an alternative locking splineaccording to the invention disclosed herein;

FIG. 24 is a cross sectional view of a frame structure employing thelocking spline of FIG. 23;

FIG. 25 is a cross sectional view of another frame structure and lockingspline arrangement;

FIG. 26 is a cross sectional view of still another frame structure andlocking spline arrangement;

FIG. 27 is a cross sectional view of a further frame structure andlocking spline arrangement in a preliminary stage of assembly;

FIG. 28 is a cross sectional view of the frame structure and lockingspline arrangement of FIG. 27 in a secondary stage of assembly;

FIG. 29 is a cross sectional view of the frame structure and lockingspline arrangement of FIG. 27 in a further stage of assembly;

FIG. 30 is a perspective view of the frame structure and locking splinearrangement of FIG. 30 in use resisting damage thereto;

FIG. 31A is a partially sectioned view in front elevation a flexibleframe structure as taught herein;

FIGS. 31B and 31C respectively are views in left elevation and top planof the flexible frame structure in varying degrees of flex;

FIG. 31D provides cross sectional views of varied material retentionconfigurations;

FIGS. 32A and 32B are partially sectioned elevational views of framestructures with a stabilizing bar retained relative thereto;

FIGS. 33A and 33B respectively are views in side elevation and lateralcross section of a frame structure as taught herein embodied in a taskchair;

FIG. 34 is a view in side elevation of a frame structure as taughtherein embodied in a task chair with cross sectional views of the framestructure at varying points;

FIG. 35 is a view in side elevation of a frame structure as taughtherein embodied in a conference chair;

FIG. 36 is a view in side elevation of first and second conferencechairs in a stacked configuration;

FIG. 37A is a partially sectioned top plan view of a task chair astaught herein;

FIG. 37B is a cross sectional view of a portion of the frame structureof FIG. 37A;

FIG. 38A is a partially sectioned top plan view of a further task chairas taught herein; and

FIG. 38B is a cross sectional view of a portion of the frame structureof FIG. 38A.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

As is the case with many inventions, the methods and arrangements forretaining a fabric panel relative to a framework disclosed herein aresubject to a wide variety of embodiments. However, to ensure that oneskilled in the art will be able to understand and, in appropriate cases,practice the present invention, certain preferred embodiments of thebroader invention revealed herein are described below and shown in theaccompanying drawing figures.

In considering the present invention, it will be appreciated that thefabric referenced herein could be substantially any type of pliablematerial that could be made by any method. In some cases, the fabric cancomprise a mesh material. In further cases, the fabric can be anelastomeric material. In still further cases, the fabric can be anelastomeric mesh. The structure to which the fabric is secured can alsovary widely. The structure could, by way of example, be a framework,such as a framework for a component of an article of furniture or anyother type of framework.

Looking more particularly to the drawings, an example of a framestructure taking advantage of the present invention is indicatedgenerally at 10 in FIGS. 1A through 1D. The frame structure 10 isfounded on a framework 12 that can be made from any appropriatematerial, including plastic, metal, wood, or a combination thereof. Theframework 12 in this example is generally rectangular and is designedfor use as a seat bottom. In FIG. 1A, the frame structure 10 is shown inlateral cross section while it is shown in longitudinal cross section inFIG. 1C. In FIG. 1B, the frame structure 10 is shown in partiallysectioned top and bottom plan views, and the frame structure 10 is shownin a partially sectioned view in front elevation in FIG. 1D.

The framework 12 has a groove 26 that circumscribes its entireperiphery. In this embodiment, the framework 12 has what can beconsidered an obverse side capable of providing support, a peripheraledge, and a reverse side. The groove 26 in this embodiment is disposedin the reverse side of the framework 12. A fabric panel 16 is secured inplace relative to the framework 12 by a locking spline 18 that isdisposed in the groove 26 such that there is a mutual frictionalengagement between the locking spline 18, the walls of the groove 26,and the portion of the fabric panel 16 interposed therebetween. Underthis arrangement, the fabric panel 16 exits the groove 26, reverses overthe peripheral edge of the framework 12, and traverses the open area ofthe framework 12.

In this example, the groove 26 is generally U-shaped. The locking spline18 has a proximal portion that also is U-shaped and a wedge-shapeddistal portion. The locking spline 18 in this embodiment is formed froma resiliently compressible material, such as rubber, plastic, or anyother suitable material or combination thereof. The locking spline 18can be pressed, driven, injected, shot, or otherwise inserted into thegroove 26 to achieve the desired frictional engagement of the groove 26and the desired retaining of the fabric panel 16. The locking spline 18can include a relief portion 30, which in this example comprises an openvolume in a central portion of the locking spline 18. The relief portion30 facilitates the resilient compression of the locking spline 18. Therelief portion 30 also assists in locking the locking spline 18 and thefabric panel 16 in place relative to the groove 26.

In certain embodiments, the locking spline 18 could be formed from amaterial composition calibrated to cause it to harden over time to causeit to become further fixed in place within the groove 26. With propermaterial selection and, possibly, proper packaging and handling, thelocking spline 18 itself could be soft and pliable upon initialapplication and then could harden over time thereby fixedly locking thelocking spline 18 and the fabric panel 16 in place.

In certain cases, the locking spline 18 could be generally homogenous.In other embodiments, the locking spline 18 could be formed fromdisparate materials. The disparate materials could be chosen to induce ahardening of one or both materials under appropriate conditions, such asupon exposure to air, heating, mixing, and/or any other effectivemethod. In any such case, the locking spline 18 could be considered tobe formed from a phase change material in that the locking spline 18would initially be in a relatively soft and pliable condition but wouldthen change in phase to a relatively hard and rigid condition.

One example of an embodiment wherein disparate materials can form thelocking spline 18 is depicted in FIGS. 23 and 24. There, the lockingspline 18 has a star shaped core member 18B enveloped within acorrugated, generally annular sheath member 18A. In FIG. 23, the lockingspline 18 is shown in relation to an insertion member 200, which canpress the locking spline 18 into the groove 26. The materials of thesheath member 18A and the core member 18B are chosen to induce one orboth of them to harden, such as after a mixing as is shown in FIG. 24,induced by a pressing of the insertion member 200. The sheath member 18Aand the core member 18B could be maintained substantially or completelyseparately from one another prior to mixing by any suitable means,including by a film disposed therebetween or by their ownconfigurations. As previously described, the groove 26 can have a raisedinner wall to enable a trimming of the fabric panel 16, such as by acutting member 300.

In any case, the hardening of the locking spline 18 after the insertionthereof into the groove 26 can be advantageous for a plurality ofreasons. For example, a hardened locking spline 18 will resist becomingdislodged, whether due to tampering, impact forces, static forces, orany other influence. Furthermore, where the locking spline 18 has becomehardened, it will provide evidence of tampering in that the lockingspline 18 would have to be damaged or destroyed with deliberate orextreme force to be removed from the groove 26.

In particular embodiments, the locking spline 18 could be further lockedin place by a secondary locking means 25. The secondary locking material25 could take a variety of forms. In the example of FIG. 25, thesecondary locking material 25 comprises a material that can be appliedin flowable form and that hardens once in place. As such, the secondarylocking material 25 could comprise an adhesive, a chemical hardeningagent that induces a hardening of itself and/or the locking spline 18,or any other effective means. In the example of FIG. 25, a modestymember 28 has been partially embedded in the secondary locking material25. Under this arrangement, the fabric panel 16 is retained over a spansubstantially greater than 180 degrees.

A resiliently compressible member 14, which can be formed from foam,rubber, or any other suitable material or combination thereof, isinterposed between the fabric panel 16 and the framework 12 adjacent towhat may be considered a front edge of the frame structure 10. As FIG.1A shows most clearly, the resiliently compressible member 14 provides asmooth, curved upper surface over which the fabric panel 16 can travelto provide a comfortable, curved or “waterfall” support surface for auser. Looking to FIG. 1D, one sees that the resiliently compressiblemember 14 has a plurality of furrows 24 formed therein for facilitatinga compression of the resiliently compressible member 14.

Where the fabric panel 16 overlies the exposed edges of the framework12, it may be necessary or desirable to provide a means for preventingor limiting damage to the fabric panel 16, such as might otherwiseresult from impacts between the frame structure 10 and an externalstructure (not shown). One such means is shown in FIGS. 1A through 1C inthe form of an interior impact absorbing member 22 that underlies thefabric panel 16 along the forward exposed edge portion of the framework12. The interior impact absorbing member 22 is formed from acompressible, preferably resiliently compressible, material. As aresult, in the event of an impact between the exposed edge of theframework 12 and an external structure, the impact would be absorbed anddistributed by the interior impact absorbing member 22 therebypreventing crushing and damage to the fabric panel 16.

An alternative or additional means for preventing or limiting damage tothe fabric panel 16 is also shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B in the form of anexterior bumper 20. The exterior bumper 20 could be formed from anyappropriate material, including plastic, metal, wood, or any othersuitable material. The exterior bumper 20 is secured in place overlyingthe exposed edge of the framework 12 and over the fabric panel 16. Whenso configured, the exterior bumper 20 protects the fabric panel 16 fromimpact and other damage.

Similarly, as shown in FIGS. 35, 36, 37A, and 37B, bumpers 70, 72, and74 can be disposed to permit a stacking of multiple chair framestructures 10A and 10B while preventing damage to the fabric panels 16retained thereon. For example, it has been found to be advantageous tohave a rear bumper 70 disposed posterior to the back frame structure ofa stacking chair, a rearward bottom bumper 72 disposed below the seatframe structure of the stacking chair to the posterior portion of theseat, and a forward bottom bumper 74 disposed below the seat framestructure of the stacking chair toward the anterior portion of the seat.With each bumper 70, 72, and 74 being cushioned or otherwise resilient,damage to the fabric panel 16 can be prevented. The bumpers 70, 72, and74 can be integrally formed or secured in place in any suitable manner.As seen in FIG. 37B and FIGS. 38A and 38B, an impact absorbing member 22can additionally be employed.

As FIGS. 2A through 2D show, the groove 26 can alternatively be disposedalong the peripheral edge of the framework 12 for receiving the lockingspline 18. Where the locking spline 18 and the groove 26 are exposed toview, a modesty member 28, such as a cord or the like, can overly thelocking spline 18 within the groove 26. In such an embodiment, thefabric panel 16 will again traverse at least part of the peripheral edgeof the framework 12 and, therefore, may need a means for protecting itfrom crushing and other damage. That means could again comprise anexterior bumper 20, an interior impact absorbing member 22, or any othersuitable means.

The assembly method and resulting frame structure can further beembodied as depicted in the progressive representations of FIGS. 27through 30. There, the framework 12 again has a groove 26 of a givenwidth C. A layer of adhesive 64 is disposed at the base of the groove 26for securing the fabric panel 16 and the locking spline 18, which has awidth B, in a firm and stable manner while advantageously permitting theframework 12 to flex and bend in a manner often not realized under priorart constructions. The locking spline 18 is flexible with deep, extrudedor otherwise formed channels communicating longitudinally therealong forpermitting improved gripping of the fabric panel 16. With that, theadhesive 64 is pressed through the fibers of the fabric panel 16 andinto the channels in the locking spline 18. The locking spline 18, thefabric panel 16, and the adhesive 64 thus cooperate to form a secureretention combination while permitting a flexing of the framework 12during use.

As shown in FIG. 28, a safety sealant 66 is applied to cover the lockingspline 18 and the outboard edge of the fabric panel 16, which has beentrimmed or otherwise disposed to terminate within the groove 26. Thesafety sealant 66 thus locks the fabric panel 16 and the locking spline18 in place. Finally, an elongate safety cord 62, which has a width a isapplied atop the locking spline 18 and retained in place by the safetysealant 66 and, additionally or alternatively, a frictional andmechanical engagement with the groove 26, the fabric panel 16, thesafety sealant 66, and the fabric panel 16. The safety cord 62 has atamper-evident surface, such as by being formed from a frangiblematerial that can be permanently chipped, scarred, or otherwise marredby impacts thereupon. As a result, should the structure be misused withimpact on the safety cord 62 or should a person deliberately attempt totamper with the retention arrangement, the safety cord 62 will providepermanent evidence thereof through permanent marring. For example,should a person attempt to pry the safety cord 62 and the spline 18 outof the groove with a screwdriver or other tool 500 as in FIG. 30, proofof that attempted tampering will be provided by the chipped or otherwisedamaged safety cord 62.

Advantageously, however, the secured retention arrangement formed asshown in FIG. 29 can bend and twist without a risk of the fabric panel16 dislodging. For example, one may have reference to FIGS. 31A through31D. There, the framework 12 is shown to be flexed and twisted while thefabric panel 16 is securely retained. The framework 12 can vary in crosssection and groove location to permit flexing while preventing damage tothe fabric panel 16.

In constructing frame structures 10 as taught herein, the presentinventor has realized that, where the material and configuration of theframework 12 are designed to permit flexing, the initial installation ofthe fabric material 16, which is under tension as described herein, canoften trigger a deformation of the framework 12 before the framework 12is fastened to a broader construction, such as the body of a task chair.Bearing in mind that frame structures 12 may need to be stored prior toassembly for weeks and months with fabric panels 16 retained thereon, ithas been found to be advantageous to install one or more temporarystabilizer bars 68 as illustrated in FIGS. 32A and 32B. There, thestabilizer bar 68 has a length M corresponding to the proper distancebetween opposed sections of the framework 12. For example, thestabilizer bar 68 can have grooved ends for positively engaging andbeing interposed between opposed sections of the framework 12.Alternatively, the stabilizer bar 68 could be overlap the sections ofthe framework 12 and be secured by any effective means. The stabilizerbar 68 will prevent deflection of the framework 12 until the completionof assembly, and the bar 68 can then be removed.

As FIG. 2C shows most clearly, the fabric panel 16 could alternativelyor additionally be protected against damage by having what may beconsidered the upper peripheral edge of the groove 26 recessed by adistance R relative to the lower peripheral edge of the groove 26. Undersuch an arrangement, most impacts between the framework 12 and anexternal structure will be met by the lower edge of the groove 26 whilethe fabric panel 16 overlying the upper edge of the groove 26 will beshielded by the lower edge of the groove 26 and, therefore, protected.

Similarly, looking again to FIG. 29, point B of the framework 12 to theoutboard side of the groove 26 extends beyond point A to the inboardside of the groove 26 over which the fabric panel 16 lies. With that,the fabric panel 16 again tends to be protected against direct impacts.With that, a frame structure 10, such as a chair as in FIG. 33A, can beused in relation to a table 600 or similar surface with limited risk ofdamage to the fabric panel 16. As seen in the cross sectional view ofFIG. 33B, the outboard portions of the framework 12 extending beyond thefabric panel 16 will make contact with a surface to prevent damage tothe fabric panel 16.

As illustrated in FIG. 34, for example, frameworks 12 pursuant to theinvention are crafted for use with task chairs and are engineered withdifferent cross sections to permit desired flexing while providingnecessary support to a human occupant. The disposition of the retentionlocation of the fabric panel 16 relative to the framework 12 can vary tosupport the load of a human body in an ergonomic manner while permittingsatisfactory flexing of the structure.

As FIGS. 3A through 3D show, the groove 26 could alternatively bedisposed to the obverse side of the framework 12. In such aconstruction, means for protecting the fabric panel 16 would in alllikelihood no longer be necessary. A modesty member 28 can again beinserted into the groove 26 distal to the locking spline 18 forshielding the locking spline 18 from view and damage.

Turning to FIGS. 4A through 4D, one sees that the fabric panel 16 couldbe employed as a “B” surface in that it could underlie and providesupport for an outer “A” surface, which could comprise a flat panelfabric, a foam material, a padded material or member, a pillow, anycombination thereof, or any other possible overlying material. In such acase, an “A” layer material 38 can be disposed overlying the fabricpanel 16 and left loose or fastened in place in any appropriate manner.In the embodiment of FIGS. 4A through 4D, the “A” layer material 38 issecured in place by mechanical fasteners 32, such as staples, tacks, orany other means. In this case, the mechanical fasteners 32 are driventhrough the “A” layer material 38 and directly into the locking spline18 within the groove 26.

In the alternative construction of FIGS. 5A through 5E, an “A” layermaterial 38 again overlies the fabric panel 16 and is again secured inplace by mechanical fasteners 32. In this embodiment, however, the “A”layer material 38 is secured relative to a secondary groove 34 that hasan insert 36, such as a rubber spline cord or the like, disposedtherein. The secondary groove 34 is disposed inboard of the groove 26.With this, the “A” layer material 38 automatically overlies and protectsthe fabric panel 16 and the locking spline 18. It is possible, ofcourse, that the secondary groove 34 could be foregone and the “A” layermaterial could simply be secured directly to the framework 12 by anysuitable means.

In FIGS. 6A through 6C, one sees that an embodiment of the invention canbe constructed wherein the framework 12 includes a central portion, inthis case a central peninsula 42, for engaging the hardware of astandard chair base mechanism (not shown), which is particularlyadvantageous since the frame structure 10 therefore does not require aspecifically designed base mechanism. The central peninsula 42 can haveone or more C-shaped channels 44 or other means for engaging the chairbase mechanism in an adjustable manner. Still further, pad members 14can be disposed about the periphery of the framework 12 for enhancingthe comfort and performance of the frame structure 10. To maintain thestructural integrity and position of the pad members 14, a retainingwall 40 can be disposed inboard thereof. The framework 12 can furtherinclude a plurality of fastener apertures 46 for retaining chair arms orthe like (not shown).

In the variant of FIGS. 7A through 7C, the C-shaped channels 44 arereplaced by fastener apertures 48 for acting as an alternative means forcoupling to a chair base mechanism. Also, the rearward pad member 14 andthe retaining wall 40 of FIG. 6A are eliminated. While the peninsula 42can be considered useful for a number of reasons, including its abilityto add resilience to the framework 12, it is equally possible for theframework 12 simply to have a central portion 55 that can be joined atboth ends to the peripheral portion of the framework 12. For example, asis shown in FIG. 8A, the central portion 55 can simply traverse from afront portion to a rear portion of the framework 12. Also, as FIG. 8Bshows, the central portion 55 can be joined to the remainder of theframework 12 in a Y-shaped format.

The embodiment of FIGS. 9A and 9B again shows that a retaining wall 40can be disposed inboard of a pad member 14. Also, a groove 26 can beemployed for retaining the fabric panel 16 while a secondary groove 34can be employed to retain an “A” surface material 38. The groove 26would again receive a locking spline 18 for retaining a fabric panel 16,and the secondary groove 34 would again retain an insert 36 for enablingan attachment of an “A” layer material.

As FIGS. 10A through 10C and 11A through 11C emphasize, the presentinvention can be employed relative to substantially any structure. Inthose drawings, for example, the fabric panel 16 is retained relative toan arm pad framework 12. In FIGS. 10A through 10C, the arm pad framework12 provides a continuous support surface underlying the fabric panel 16.In FIGS. 11A through 11C, the arm pad framework 12 has an open centralarea. Still further, in FIG. 11C, the arm pad framework 12 has asecondary groove 34 for enabling the application of an “A” surfacematerial over the fabric panel 16. Fastening apertures 35 are providedfor enabling a coupling of the framework 12 to an external structure,such as an arm support member of a chair structure (not shown).

Looking to FIGS. 12A through 12E, one sees that the locking spline 18can have one or both of its sidewalls with a non-smooth surface forenhancing the ability of the groove 26 and the locking spline 18 toretain the fabric panel 16 in place most securely. Alternatively oradditionally, the groove 26 can have one or both sidewalls with anon-smooth surface for the same purpose as is also depicted in FIGS. 12Aand 12E. In the present embodiment, both the locking spline 18 and thegroove 26 have serrated sidewalls such that they mechanically engage oneanother in supplementation of the previously described frictionalengagement therebetween. More particularly, the locking spline 18 has aplurality of barbs 50 on its sidewalls while the groove 26 has aplurality of furrows 52. The barbs 50 and the furrows 52 can becorrespondingly numbered, shaped, and/or located.

As FIG. 20 shows, a fabric panel 16 can be considered to be formed by aplurality of longitudinal fibers 16A and a plurality of lateral fibers16B. Some or all of the longitudinal fibers 16A and the lateral fibers16B can be elastomeric. Advantageously, the locking spline 18 cansecurely engage and retain each longitudinal fiber 16B thereby securelyretaining the fabric panel in general. This is particularly true whenthe locking spline 18 is provided with barbs 50 and/or when the groove26 has furrows 52. Further ensuring the secure locking of the fabricpanel 16, the locking spline 18 engages the fabric panel 16 over greaterthan a 180 degree span.

Looking to FIG. 21, an embodiment of the framework 12 is shown whereinthe groove 26 is again disposed to the reverse side of the framework 12such that the fabric panel 16 reverses over a curved peripheral edge ofthe framework 12 to reach the obverse side of the framework 12 beforetraversing the open area of the framework 12. Under this arrangement,the force F deriving from a weight W applied to the fabric panel 16,such as from the weight of a seat occupant, is progressively dissipatedfrom the point at which the fabric panel 16 reaches the framework 12 tothe point at which the fabric panel 16 reaches the groove 26 and thelocking spline 18. The force dissipation is advantageous in static loadsituations and is particularly advantageous in impact load situations.

As such, the force F₁ at point B is slightly less than the originalforce F at point A, the force F₂ at point C is slightly less than theforce F₁ at point B, and so on. With this, the force actually applied tothe groove 26 and the locking spline 18 is substantially lessened, andthe ability of the groove 26 and the locking spline 18 to retain thefabric panel 16 securely is significantly improved. The forcedissipation can be improved even further where the fabric panel 16travels over the resiliently compressible interior impact absorbingmember 22 due to the frictional interaction therebetween. It will beappreciated that, while the force dissipation is exemplified in relationto the frame structure 10 with the groove 26 disposed to the obverseside of the framework 12, force dissipation exists also relative toembodiments wherein the groove 26 is disposed in the peripheral edge andeven to the obverse side of the framework 12.

This force dissipation is in marked opposition to the typical prior artframe structure 10′, which is depicted in FIG. 22. There, the peripheraledge of a fabric panel 16′ is directly retained by a framework 12′ withno prior overlapping of the framework 12′ or any other member. As aresult, the entire force F deriving from the weight W must be borndirectly by the retaining means in the prior art frame structure 10′.This stress concentration can lead to failure, particularly in impactload situations.

Under this construction, the locking spline 18 can be inserted into thegroove 26 with the fabric panel 16 interposed therebetween with thebarbs 50 and furrows 52 ensuring a secure mechanical engagement. As onecan appreciate from FIGS. 12B, 12C, and 12D, the locking spline 18 couldbe crafted and installed in a number of different forms. For example,the locking spline 18 could be extruded or otherwise formed incontinuous lengths as in FIG. 12B, in mid-length segments as in FIG.12C, and/or in relatively short segments as in FIG. 12D. Differentlengths of locking spline 18 can be used in combination where necessaryor desirable. Still further, as one can see most clearly from FIG. 12E,the groove 26 can have an exposed wall for enabling a ready trimming ofthe fabric panel 16. The exposed wall in FIG. 12E comprises an extendedportion of the proximal side wall of the groove 26 such that a trimmingoperation can be carried out from exterior to the framework 12.

As one can appreciate by reference to FIGS. 12A and 12F, the lockingspline 18 can in any case be formed in varied widths. For example, thewidth of the locking spline 18 can vary from a relatively wide width,such as that referenced at A, to a relatively thin width, such as thatreferenced at E. Advantageously, such a calibration of the width of thelocking spline 18 relative to the width of the groove 26 can enable thesame width groove 26 to be employed in retaining fabric panels 16 ofvaried thicknesses. Where a relatively thin fabric panel 16 is to beapplied, a relatively wide locking spline 18 can be employed. Where arelatively thick fabric panel 16 is to be applied, a relatively thinlocking spline 18 can be employed to enable it and the fabric panel 16to fit within the groove 26.

By reference to FIGS. 13A and 13B, one will again appreciate that thefabric panel 16 can be employed as a “B” surface material. There, thefabric panel 16 is designed to support a pillow or other removable “A”surface member 54. Further depicted in FIGS. 13A and 13B is that thefabric panel 16 can be further secured in place by a plurality ofmechanical fasteners 32 that can be received into the locking spline 18.

FIGS. 14A through 14C show that the groove 26 can have a plurality ofbarb-shaped furrows 52 therein while the locking spline 18 can have arelatively smooth periphery. For example, the locking spline 18 can havea generally circular cross section except for a longitudinal groove 51therein. With this, where the locking spline 18 is formed from acompressible material, it can be pressed into the groove 26 in theframework 12 with the longitudinal groove 51 in the locking spline 18allowing a further yielding and resilient compression of the lockingspline 18. Again, the locking spline 18 can be formed in continuouslengths or in shorter lengths as shown in FIG. 14C.

Embodiments of the invention are contemplated wherein the groove 26 hasa broadened portion. The broadened portion could comprise the deepest orproximal portion of the groove 26 as is shown in FIG. 26. In such anembodiment, the locking spline 18 can be retained both by friction andby a mechanical engagement between the locking spline 18 and the grooveonce the locking spline 18 has been pressed into the groove 26.

Particularly where the locking spline 18 is formed in shorter lengths,one could contemplate the insertion of segments of locking spline 18into the groove 26 by an automated insertion device. The automatedinsertion device could, of course, take many forms. In one presentlycontemplated manifestation, the insertion device essentially comprisesan insertion gun that could insert segments of locking spline 18 inseries by use of cartridge, a serial coupling of multiple segments oflocking spline, or any other suitable arrangement.

In the alternative arrangement of FIGS. 15A through 15C, the groove 26has opposed longitudinal receiving channels 56 therealong. With this,the fabric panel 16 can be secured in place by one or more resilientlycompressible V-shaped or U-shaped members 58 with outwardly turned endportions. In one embodiment, the resiliently compressible members 58 canbe formed of a spring material, such as a resiliently deflectable metal.As FIG. 15C shows, the resiliently compressible members 58 can vary inlength.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 16A through 16C, a secondary groove 34 isdisposed inboard of the groove 26. A shield member 60, which in thiscase is L-shaped, is received into the secondary groove 34 with a leg ofthe L-shaped shield member 60 at least partially overlying the groove26. With this, the locking spline 18 is further shielded from damage andtampering.

In FIG. 17, an “A” surface material 38 overlies the fabric panel 16 andis secured in place by a plurality of mechanical fasteners 32 thatengage an insert 36 that is disposed in a secondary groove 34. Thesecondary groove 34 is again disposed inboard of the groove 26. Withthis, the fabric panel 16 and the locking spline 18 are shielded.

Looking to FIG. 18, an “A” surface material 38 again is disposed overthe fabric panel 16. In this embodiment, the “A” surface material 38 isretained in place by use of an insert 36 that is received into asecondary groove 34 that is disposed inboard of the groove 26. Theinsert 36, which can comprise a continuous spline or plural individualmembers, has a plurality of barbs or serrations 50 disposed thereon. Thesecondary groove 34 can have a plurality of longitudinal channels orfurrows 52 communicating along opposed walls thereof. Under thisarrangement, the serrations 50 on the insert 36 can mechanically engagethe channels 52 on the secondary groove 34 to ensure that the “A”surface material 38 is securely retained.

In each of the abovedescribed embodiments, the peripheral edge of thefabric panel 16 can be retained securely in place when the lockingspline 18 is disposed within the groove 26. The fabric panel 16 cansimply be secured in place with no pretensioning. Alternatively, a givendegree of pretensioning can be induced to establish desired performancecharacteristics for the fabric panel 16 and the frame structure 10 ingeneral. Pretensioning can be particularly advantageous where the framestructure 10 forms a part of an article of furniture, such as a seatbottom as is depicted in a plurality of the drawings presented herewith.

In certain embodiments, the initial tension can be generally uniformalong the length of the peripheral edge of the fabric panel 16, and thefabric panel 16 can have uniform elastic and other properties in eachdirection. Other embodiments of the invention are possible wherein theinitial tension can be non-uniform along the peripheral edge of thefabric panel 16. Alternatively or additionally, the elastic propertiesof the fabric panel 16 can vary along the length thereof. By either orboth methods, the fabric panel 16 and the frame structure 10 can becalibrated to have variable performance characteristics. For example,with a variable pretensioning pattern and/or a fabric panel 16 withvariable elastic properties, an elastic fabric panel 16 can have varieddeflection properties.

With proper calibration, therefore, the tension and deflectionproperties of the fabric panel 16 can be controlled in zones as isexemplified in FIG. 19. There, the schematically depicted framestructure 10 comprises a seat bottom for supporting the legs 100 of aseat occupant. The tension and deflection zones of the fabric panel 16vary in proportion to the force characteristics exhibited by a typicalseat occupant both in what can be considered a longitudinal directionaligned with the legs 100 of the seat occupant and a lateral direction.In the longitudinal direction, maximum support can be provided where thegreatest longitudinal force F₁ due to the weight of the seat occupantcan be expected to reduced support where lesser longitudinal forces F₂,F₃, and F₄ F₂′, F₃′, and F₄′ would typically be expected. In the lateraldirection, maximum support can be provided where the greatest lateralforces F_(A) would be likely to progressively reduced support wherelesser lateral forces F_(B), F_(c), F_(D), F_(E), and F_(F) and F_(B)′,F_(C)′, and F_(D)′ would be typical. As such, the longitudinal andlateral support zones will intersect and combine with one another toachieve an overall support pattern.

With certain details and embodiments of the present invention formethods and arrangements for securing fabric disclosed, it will beappreciated by one skilled in the art that numerous changes andadditions could be made thereto without deviating from the spirit orscope of the invention. This is particularly true when one bears in mindthat the presently preferred embodiments merely exemplify the broaderinvention revealed herein. Accordingly, it will be clear that those withmajor features of the invention in mind could craft embodiments thatincorporate those major features while not incorporating all of thefeatures included in the preferred embodiments.

Therefore, the following claims are intended to define the scope ofprotection to be afforded to the inventor. Those claims shall be deemedto include equivalent constructions insofar as they do not depart fromthe spirit and scope of the invention. It must be further noted that aplurality of the following claims express certain elements as means forperforming a specific function, at times without the recital ofstructure or material. As the law demands, these claims shall beconstrued to cover not only the corresponding structure and materialexpressly described in this specification but also all equivalentsthereof.

I claim as deserving the protection of Letters Patent:
 1. An arrangementfor securing fabric relative to a framework, the arrangement comprising:a framework; a groove in the framework; and a locking spline for beingreceived into the groove in the framework; a safety cord for beingreceived into the groove in the framework atop the locking spline; and asecondary locking material operably associated with the locking splinefor additionally securing the locking spline within the groove; wherebya fabric panel can be retained relative to the framework by an insertionof the locking spline into the groove with a portion of the fabric paneldisposed between the locking spline and the groove.
 2. The arrangementof claim 1 wherein the framework has an obverse side, a peripheral edge,and a reverse side.
 3. The arrangement of claim 2 wherein the groove isdisposed to the reverse side of the framework whereby the fabric panelcan be applied to the framework with a portion of the fabric panelretained within the groove and with the fabric panel reversing over theperipheral edge of the framework and traversing at least a portion ofthe framework.
 4. The arrangement of claim 2 wherein the groove isdisposed in the peripheral edge of the framework whereby the fabricpanel can be applied to the framework with a portion of the fabric panelretained within the groove and with the fabric panel reversing over aportion of the framework and traversing at least a portion of theframework.
 5. The arrangement of claim 1 wherein the groove has abroadened proximal portion whereby the locking spline can bemechanically retained within the groove.
 6. The arrangement of claim 1wherein the locking spline is formed from a resiliently compressiblematerial.
 7. The arrangement of claim 2 further comprising an interiorimpact absorbing member disposed along the peripheral edge of theframework for underlying the fabric panel to prevent crushing and damageto the same.
 8. The arrangement of claim 2 further comprising anexterior impact absorbing member for overlying the fabric panel alongthe peripheral edge of the framework to prevent crushing and damage tothe fabric panel.
 9. The arrangement of claim 1 wherein the groove has afirst edge and a second edge and wherein the fabric panel exits thegroove to the first edge side of the groove and wherein the second edgeof the groove extends distally relative to the first edge of the groovewhereby the fabric panel is protected against crushing and damage. 10.The arrangement of claim 1 wherein the groove traverses adjacent tosubstantially an entire periphery of the framework and wherein theframework has a central portion for enabling a coupling of the frameworkto an external structure.
 11. The arrangement of claim 1 wherein thegroove has at least one sidewall with non-smooth surface.
 12. Thearrangement of claim 11 wherein the groove has at least one serratedsidewall.
 13. The arrangement of claim 1 wherein the locking spline hasat least one non-smooth surface.
 14. The arrangement of claim 13 whereinthe locking spline has at least one serrated surface.
 15. Thearrangement of claim 1 wherein the secondary locking material comprisesa material applied in flowable form that hardens in place.
 16. Thearrangement of claim 15 wherein the secondary locking material comprisesan adhesive.
 17. The arrangement of claim 15 wherein the secondarylocking material comprises a chemical hardening agent that induces ahardening of the locking spline.